My PhD is in Geophysics (MS Geophysics, BS Physics), so definitely not business-related. I think a large part of why I feel so behind is because I haven't yet learned which skills I've gained in my science career carry over to the business world.
The one thing that no one has mentioned yet is - What is the biggest NEED or unsolved problem in the area of Geophysics that your background and training equips you to solve?
Start asking yourself this question.
As you do your job, start spotting gaps and frustrations and pain points that people in your industry have to put up with.
You've very well poised to identify something worth creating. And once you do start creating it, with your PhD, you've crossed a barrier to ENTRY that will put you nicely ahead of others who only have a Bachelor's degree.
By the way, you mentioned negative emotions.
Do you think it could be that you're going through the stages of grief?
You've just navigated a massive transition (long-time student to workforce) and that has got to have taken a toll on you, especially after the long, grueling effort it took to earn your degree.
I would suspect that emerging from being a full-time student (where you knew the ropes and everything was at least somewhat familiar and predictable) and entering the workforce may leave you feeling disoriented and unsettled and out of place. Transitioning from studies to employment can be downright jarring.
So maybe at some level, you're grieving the loss of your studenthood? Or maybe you achieved the pinnacle of education that you had been pursuing, and it didn't hold the fulfillment that you were expecting? Or maybe you had a certain status and prestige as a PhD student, but now you're just a "new employee" and that esteem is way less?
Whether it's that or something totally different, please be kind to yourself and patient with yourself. It's ok to acknowledge that it's hard. It's ok to grieve the loss of something that was part of your life for so long, even if that grief is complicated and you don't even want that season back.
You really haven't done anything stupid, even though it may feel like it, so don't fall for that notion.
"Go as far as you can, and when you get there, you'll always be able to see farther."
You've got this.