The Worldwide C0VlD-19 Coronavirus Pandemic Discussion Thread...

[Rivoli]

ITALY HAS HIT THE PEAK ALREADY
USA WILL BE GOOD IN 2 weeks

 

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[GIlman]

ITALY HAS HIT THE PEAK ALREADY
USA WILL BE GOOD IN 2 weeks

I would make a real reply to point our the obvious problem with your analysis, but it doesn’t seem to make any difference. So I’ll save the time. Google data smoothing if you have any real intention to learn anything.

Also, is the US on quarantine like all of Italy????

 

[ChrisV]

Wow, interesting idea. I’ll do some more research, but it would not be surprising at all if ACE inhibitors unregulated the ACE2 receptor.

According to @Bekit ‘s video, that’s exactly what’s happening. Also, with more receptors there are more i try points for the virus to enter the cell. But it’s controversial and I haven’t finished the video.

 

[Vigilante]

This might be the most important article you ever read

The Sober Math Everyone Must Understand about the Pandemic

I wrote this post on Facebook on Thursday Night, March 12th 2020. Since I wrote it, the post been shared 120k times and I’ve been asked to…

medium.com

 

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[TinyOldLady]

This might be the most important article you ever read

The Sober Math Everyone Must Understand about the Pandemic

I wrote this post on Facebook on Thursday Night, March 12th 2020. Since I wrote it, the post been shared 120k times and I’ve been asked to…

medium.com

Good article.
Where does the 15% serious cases come from? If this is the currently known percentage of serious cases, shouldn't you take this percentage before multiplying by 50 (the real number of infections)? Otherwise if we have 50k real infections, 15% would be 7500 serious cases. But in this case we would have only 1000 confirmed cases.

*rather take 0.3% instead of 15% when multiplication by 50 is made

 

[RoadTrip]

Yesterday the prime minister in The Netherlands explained the strategy behind the measurements that have been taken in the country so far.

He explained that we basically have three options. The Netherlands has opted for option one. I am guessing all other countries will have the same scenarios to choose from.

Option 1: Controlled Herd-Immunity
As far as I'm aware the UK was the first country to publicly announce this approach, albeit not in a controlled way as far as I'm aware. Now, the Netherlands has announced they will take the same approach in a controlled way.

The Prime Minister mentioned that lots of people will get infected with the coronavirus in the coming months, but that the elderly and immune suppressed persons will be protected as much as possible. Money will be made available to help suffering businesses.

Option 2: Not doing anything
Obviously this will overload the health care system very soon, causing many more people to die unnecessarily. Not an option.

Option 3: Try to extinguish the virus completely
This would mean the whole country needs to go on complete lockdown for at least a year. And even if we are able to control the virus it would be most likely the virus pops up again once people start leaving their homes. Will this happen to China also?

These are three very pessimistic scenarios. While I also feel option one to be the most realistic option, it has a lot downsides too. We will lose loved ones. We may die ourselves. Perhaps its based on a few assumptions like immunity being created or the virus not mutating. Maybe we will also have a vaccine sooner than thought. I just don't know.

 

[Mckenzie]

I don't regard myself as big conspiracist but something about this just doesn't sit right with me.

It just seems odd that there are all of these small countries all over the world with small populations that have maybe one confirmed case. I understand that possibly traveling in and out could cause some of this to occur, but it just makes me wonder if this virus wasn't somehow "planted". It just doesn't seem quite right..

Check out all the countries on Worldometer that only has one case.
Coronavirus Update (Live): 182,442 Cases and 7,158 Deaths from C0VlD-19 Virus Outbreak - Worldometer

...creepy...I just had this feeling/ thinking today too. It just doesn’t make sense to me either. Myself & family been living through war zones and escaped near death situations few times in our lives. But this time it feels different...??!

 

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[Mckenzie]

Damn boy. I think China is the safest place in the world to be right now.

Not really, China is a communist country. If you suffered under that regime before, you wouldn’t trust a word they say after.

 

[c_morris]

COVID appears to bind to something called the ACE2 receptor. A virus has to bind to something to infect a cell. ACE means angiotensin converting enzyme, and is part of your bodies regulatory system for blood pressure. If anyone is on blood pressure drugs called "ACE inhibitors", that's what these drugs are doing is inhibiting this enzyme.

I have high blood pressure and am taking Olmesartan. It is described as an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). It works by blocking a substance in the body that causes the blood vessels to tighten.

Is this the same as ACE inhibitor?

I have changed my lifestyle in the past year and have been able to get my blood pressure down to near normal without the medication. I still take it but have cut my dosage in half and take it every other day. On the days I don't take it, my systolic is below 120 but diastolic gets up around in the 80 - 85 range. Prior to meds and lifestyle change, it was routinely 130+ over 90+.

Does it put me in the "at risk" category?

 

[loop101]

Public figures with COVID19 (Source)

Celebrities and Family members

• Tom Hanks
• Rita Wilson
• Idris Elba
• Kristofer Hivju, who played Tormund on Game of Thrones
• James Bond Quantom of Solace actress Olga Kurylenko
• Matthew Broderick’s sister, Janet Broderick

Politicians and Spouses

• U.K. health minister Nadine Dorries
• Miami Mayor Francis Suarez
• Spanish Minister of Equality Irene Montero
• French Minister of Culture Franck Riester
• Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s wife, Sophie Grégoire Trudeau
• Iranian Vice President Eshaq Jahangiri
• Catalan regional leader Quim Torra
• Catalan deputy head of government Pere Aragonés
• Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez’s wife, Begoña Gómez
• Australian Minister for Home Affairs Peter Dutton
• Vice President of Iran for Women and Family Affairs Masoumeh Ebtekar
• Iranian Parliament members Mojtaba Zolnour and Mahmoud Sadeghi
• Iranian deputy health minister Iraj Harirchi
• Morteza Rahmanzadeh, mayor of Tehran’s 13th district
• Mohamad Reza Ghadir, Iranian head of coronavirus management in Qom
• Iranian diplomat Hadi Khosroshahi, as well as Expediency Council member Mohammad Mirmohammadi both died after testing positive
• Fabio Wajngarten, the Brazilian president’s press secretary

Athletes and sports figures

• Anonymous New York Yankees minor league player
• Utah Jazz players Rudy Gobert and Donovan Mitchell
• Cleveland State women’s basketball coach Chris Kielsmeier
• Detroit Pistons forward Christian Wood
• Real Madrid power forward Trey Thompkins
• Anonymous Colonial Athletic Association official
• Arsenal manager Mikel Arteta
• Chelsea winger Callum-Hudson-Odoi
• Troyes AC striker Hyun-Jun Suk
• Hannover defender Timo Hübers
• Paderborn defender Luca Kilian
• Valencia defenders Ezequiel Garay and Eliaquim Mangala
• Three anonymous Valencia players
• From Italian soccer club UC Sampdoria: Albin Ekdal, Antonino La Gumina, Fabio Depaoli, Manolo Gabbiadini, Morten Thorsby, Omar Colley
• From Italy’s Fiorentina: Dušan Vlahović, Germán Pezzella, Patrick Cutrone
• Juventus defender Daniele Rugani
• Swiss Football Association President Dominique Blanc
• Nottingham Forest and Olympiakos owner Evangelos Marinakis
• Unidentified Seattle Dragons player
• Colombian cyclist Fernando Gaviria
• Russian cyclist Dmitry Strakhov

Other public Figures

• Universal Music Chairman and CEO Lucian Grainge
• Chilean writer and journalist Luis Sepúlveda
• Australian TV journalist Richard Wilkins

 

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[Voice Angel]

If you're looking for something to do with your family / kids while social distancing, here is a great list I came across today.

Hopefully the link works...

Free educational websites

docs.google.com

Here's another one...

Ever Clever Mom

Ever Clever Mom is a blog about raising three kids who are smarter than I am. Part survival guide and part I-can't-believe-this-worked, the blog is stuffed with parenting hacks and little mom wins.

everclevermom.com

 

[Ernman]

Florida set up a dashboard to help us keep track of C0VlD-19 in the state.

No surprise - you can easily see our major population centers.

 

[Kak]

I noticed today people are more worried about insensitivities by calling it a Chinese virus or, "the wuhan virus." Could people be any more ridiculous?

This could be a good thing honestly. The idiots of this country are starting to see the next shiny object thing to be enraged by and weeks of debate will ensue.

 

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[GIlman]

I have high blood pressure and am taking Olmesartan. It is described as an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). It works by blocking a substance in the body that causes the blood vessels to tighten.

Is this the same as ACE inhibitor?

I have changed my lifestyle in the past year and have been able to get my blood pressure down to near normal without the medication. I still take it but have cut my dosage in half and take it every other day. On the days I don't take it, my systolic is below 120 but diastolic gets up around in the 80 - 85 range. Prior to meds and lifestyle change, it was routinely 130+ over 90+.

Does it put me in the "at risk" category?

no it is not the same as an ace inhibitor. The end effect is the same in blocking the angiotensin signaling pathway, an ARB acts further down the chain though.

ACE2 enzyme converts angiotensin 1 molecule to angiotensin 2 molecule. The angiotensin 2 molecule then binds to the angiotensin receptor which is on your cells, when this binding occurs it triggers a signal in the cell to do stuff which ultimately increases your blood pressure.

an ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker) is a molecule that mimics angiotensin 2 molecule. The ARB molecule binds to the angiotensin receptor, but importantly it does not trigger a signal in the cell, and also importantly it blocks angiotensin 2 from interacting or triggering a signal in the cell.

sorry for the technical explanation, but hopefully that is clear.

but, I think your real question is does an ARB increase ACE2 like ACE inhibitors. The answer is we think so. There is some research on this. Sorry I have only been able to preliminarily research this, And don’t have a more concrete answer, so many things I’ve been reasesrching daily.

 

[c_morris]

sorry for the technical explanation, but hopefully that is clear.

Thanks for taking the time to reply. Your insights in this thread are extremely valuable.

 

[AceVentures]

We don't quite have studies of long-term effects of C0VlD-19, and we all seem to be scratching our heads and not understanding what we're up against. Why don't we assume the characteristics of SARS and model C0VlD-19 after it? There will be differences between the two, but they're close cousins.

Alright, let's take a closer look at SARS and what it did during it's outbreak in 2003.

• An epidemic of SARS affected 26 countries in 2003
• During the outbreak, it claimed 774 lives worldwide with 8,098 people infected (~10% fatality)
  • NOTE: In the early stages of the SARS epidemic, health officials estimated the mortality rate at less than 4%
• The case fatality ratio is estimated to be less than 1% in persons aged 24 years or younger, 6% in persons aged 25 to 44 years, 15% in persons aged 45 to 64 years, and greater than 50% in persons aged 65 years and older
• In 10 percent to 20 percent of cases, patients require mechanical ventilation
• Most patients develop pneumonia
• Globally, 20 per cent of confirmed SARS cases were health-care workers
• In Canada, health-care workers made up 43 per cent of SARS cases

In Canada, we can follow some of the survivors and see how they fare today.

• Many hundreds survived the virus – most of them health care workers
• They’re still, after 10 years, experiencing problems. Issues such as fatigue, muscle and joint pain, shortness of breath and some newly developing problems such as neuropathy, numbness in the feet and hands
• Studies looking at patients seven years post-SARS have shown 41 per cent of patients report depression and post traumatic stress disorder
• Patients question when their symptoms will dissipate, if ever
• In one study, about 40 to 50 per cent of the sample group was unable to return to work:
  • Many of these were healthcare professionals, their work was a big part of their identity
  • Some patients take on an activity for nearly 20 minutes and need to return to rest

Sources:

WHO | SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)

www.who.int

SARS | Basics Factsheet | CDC

Fact sheet covering basic information on SARS, CDC Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome information

www.cdc.gov

SARS | Frequently Asked Questions | CDC

Frequently asked questions on SARS, CDC Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome information

www.cdc.gov

WHO | Update 49 - SARS case fatality ratio, incubation period

www.who.int

SARS 10 years later: How are survivors faring now? | Globalnews.ca

This week marks the 10-year anniversary of the first case of SARS in Canada as the pandemic made its way into the country. How are patients faring a decade later?

globalnews.ca

Ten years later, SARS still haunts survivors and health-care workers

Severe acute respiratory syndrome ignited in southern China and created global panic

www.theglobeandmail.com

 

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[JSM]

According to @Bekit ‘s video, that’s exactly what’s happening. Also, with more receptors there are more i try points for the virus to enter the cell. But it’s controversial and I haven’t finished the video.

From my understanding it looks like the blood pressure medications may be helpful.

I have high blood pressure and am taking Olmesartan. It is described as an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). It works by blocking a substance in the body that causes the blood vessels to tighten.

Is this the same as ACE inhibitor?

I have changed my lifestyle in the past year and have been able to get my blood pressure down to near normal without the medication. I still take it but have cut my dosage in half and take it every other day. On the days I don't take it, my systolic is below 120 but diastolic gets up around in the 80 - 85 range. Prior to meds and lifestyle change, it was routinely 130+ over 90+.

Does it put me in the "at risk" category?

I am not a doctor and my knowledge of this is limited to that video. An ARB is not the same thing as an ACE inhibitor. It looks like the ARB’s may actually be helpful in decreasing inflammation. This is just my takeaway and isn’t medical device. Would definitely encourage you to watch the entire video.

 

[GIlman]

Governor Cuomo is New York is one of the most despicable politicians based on his past rhetoric.

HOWEVER, listen to him. He has the most realistic grasp on what is going on at the moment. All politicians need to follow his lead. He is the only politician I hear that is being point blank blunt about what is really going on. He still has some things he says that are significantly wrong, but he is the closest to realistic I have seen, and paints the most realistic outlook of any politician I’m seeing.

just saw him on fox. He states there are 3500 ICU beds in New York, that’s scary as crap man. Horrifying.

As I keep saying, as others here have, look at places going through this early. China, Italy, even evergreen hospital in Washington state.

A Rare Look Inside the Hospital Where 15 Coronavirus Patients Have Died (Published 2020)

A suburban hospital in Kirkland, Wash., has faced the brunt of the coronavirus outbreak. Here is their story.

www.nytimes.com

we must stop looking at other people and places, and think they are not us. Our experience will be the same as Italy because we are responding the same.

people keep pointing out SK and their low rate of death. We are not SK. They are handling this totally different than us. They are testing widely and extensively. Testing in and of itself does not improve individual outcomes. It is a second order effect why as a population it can improve the death rate.

Here is the reason. Because once someone tests positive, they are doing extensive contact tracing. Then they are following up and following the chain and quarantining extensive groups of people.

Also estimates I have seen SK has 6x the hospital beds we do.

we are not SK, we are not testing like SK, we do not have the hospital capacity of SK.

estimates I have seen, we have less hospital beds than even Italy. The numbers I saw were 3.8 beds per 1000 in Italy vs 2 beds per 1000 in the US. Much of our care has been pushed out to outpatient settings away from the hospital, making us have less beds.

 

[loop101]

Chloroquine, an antimalarial drug.

I keep hearing about this drug.

Drug used to originally fight malaria showing promise in treating coronavirus, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation says

OKLAHOMA CITY (KFOR) – According to the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, scientists are now testing both existing and experimental therapies to see if any are effective in treating COVID…

kfor.com

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/ar...-Australian-researchers-CURE-coronavirus.html

Elon Musk Thinks Malaria Medicine Could Help Treat Coronavirus

Elon Musk has an idea for a possible coronavirus treatment -- a malaria medication known as chloroquine.

www.bloomberg.com

Elon Musk Thinks Malaria Medicine Could Help Treat Coronavirus

 

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[Suzanne Bazemore]

• Many hundreds survived the virus – most of them health care workers
• They’re still, after 10 years, experiencing problems. Issues such as fatigue, muscle and joint pain, shortness of breath and some newly developing problems such as neuropathy, numbness in the feet and hands
• Studies looking at patients seven years post-SARS have shown 41 per cent of patients report depression and post traumatic stress disorder
• Patients question when their symptoms will dissipate, if ever
• In one study, about 40 to 50 per cent of the sample group was unable to return to work:
  • Many of these were healthcare professionals, their work was a big part of their identity
  • Some patients take on an activity for nearly 20 minutes and need to return to rest

@AceVentures I had no idea that SARS survivors had such long-term health effects. I wonder if those long-term effects are because of pneumonia. My neighbor had multiple instances of pneumonia and it scarred her lungs.

 

[MJ DeMarco]

Elon Musk

Ha, you knew at some point he'd get involved. He loves a big problem desperate for a solution.

 

[GIlman]

@AceVentures I had no idea that SARS survivors had such long-term health effects. I wonder if those long-term effects are because of pneumonia. My neighbor had multiple instances of pneumonia and it scarred her lungs.

I have said this multiple times as well. There are early indications that some patients develop injury to kidneys, heart, liver, and of course lungs. These are all tissues with high quantities of ACE2 enzyme which is the binding point for the covid virus. Incidentally sars bound to the same protein.

 

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[loop101]

Online Business Opportunity?

https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1239933595088609281

View: https://twitter.com/ScottAdamsSays/status/1239933595088609281?s=20

 

[MTEE1985]

https://www.zmescience.com/science/anti-malaria-C0VlD-19-0523/

If the source is correct it looks like China saw some improvement weeks ago using Chloroquine.

“Zhong Nanshan, Chinese epidemiologist and pulmonologist who discovered SARS in 2003.

So far, no obvious serious adverse reactions related to the drug have been found among the over 100 patients enrolled in the clinical trials, she said. The expert team, led by Zhong Nanshan, a renowned respiratory specialist and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, agreed that chloroquine phosphate can be used to treat more C0VlD-19 patients, Sun said.”

 

[BlindSide]

It hurts me to say it, but I feel like America, as a whole, is just a bunch of children right now who can’t listen to their parents.

I almost think the government should rip the band aid off and force lockdown now. Just something that’s currently on my mind.

Trying to take this time to grow some Fastlane skills!

 

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[GIlman]

https://www.zmescience.com/science/anti-malaria-C0VlD-19-0523/

If the source is correct it looks like China saw some improvement weeks ago using Chloroquine.

“Zhong Nanshan, Chinese epidemiologist and pulmonologist who discovered SARS in 2003.

So far, no obvious serious adverse reactions related to the drug have been found among the over 100 patients enrolled in the clinical trials, she said. The expert team, led by Zhong Nanshan, a renowned respiratory specialist and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, agreed that chloroquine phosphate can be used to treat more C0VlD-19 patients, Sun said.”

There is some indication of Chlorquine having some therapeutic benefit, it's far from concrete...

HOWEVER. Malaria is not endemic to the USA, so I seriously doubt we have any significant supply of this drug on hand. China and East Asian countries do have significant malaria problems, and so this drug is likely common in stock in significant quantities.

Remember, not jus the US is dealing with this, every country in the world is on the verge of dealing with this. Expect that all countries are going to become very possessive of health resources such as medicines and equipment. What we have or can produce is likely what we can expect to have in large part for the next 6 months.

 

[Suzanne Bazemore]

I have said this multiple times as well. There are early indications that some patients develop injury to kidneys, heart, liver, and of course lungs. These are all tissues with high quantities of ACE2 enzyme which is the binding point for the covid virus. Incidentally sars bound to the same protein.

That's pretty scary. I wonder why, then, young people mostly get C0VlD-19 and are seemingly unscathed, and can potentially be carriers. I understand how the older population would have a greater fatality rate if they have underlying conditions with these organs, but it seems like young people, even without problems with these organs, would still be impacted.

 

[Suzanne Bazemore]

What we have or can produce is likely what we can expect to have in large part for the next 6 months.

I am concerned about access to all medications. Americans can't stock up on these because they are inhibited by what insurance will cover, but many components of our medications are manufactured in China, and I hope there aren't ultimately shortages in medications that have nothing to do with C0VlD-19.

 

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[Vigilante]

So I am going to state the obvious, mainly for my benefit but we're going to apply simple business strategy to stay calm. We're faced with a new set of circumstances, and I am mindful of the old book "Who Moved My Cheese." People are resistant to change, and I can lump that in with the discussion(s) we have had here about normalcy bias.

A few times over the last few days, I have become overwhelmed within my own thoughts. What about... this? What if .... this... happens. What about that?

A few coping strategies :

• people are refreshing spirituality - and if that is your thing, this is an excellent time to double down. If you "believed" during good times, now is the time to put that "faith" to the test
• exercise. If you are quarantined, you can exercise. If you aren't, get out and get some fresh air. Get moving. Get your adrenaline going. Release some of those stress endorphins. Take a longer walk than you have taken before, and do it again tomorrow.
• Invest in the kids. Really be present for any younger ones you have around. Intentional. Focused. They might be stressed also, but YOU can remedy that simply by meeting their emotional needs. Be there. Invest. Calm. Engage. They may never forget this time.
• Take one block at a time. How do we solve business issues? We focus on the immediate need. We look long term, but then we take action in smaller steps. Methodical steps.
• Slow everything down. It's ok to just BE, today. It's ok to let yourself relax a bit. To let go of the stress.
• Find some new podcasts. Find some new music. Find some new religious streams. What ever. Find some new things of interest.
• Let your life begin to adjust.

I have a vehicle whose lease was up... this week. I just called the bank and said I wasn't going to deal with that for a few months. I wasn't bringing it back, wasn't buying it, wasn't doing anything. That's one thing I am just not dealing with today. Know what the bank said? OK. Problem solved. I will deal with that some other time. BTW the worker from the bank I talked with? Today was her first day working at home. New reality for her, in her job, talking to me.

Amazon sellers in the United States are freaked out because Amazon announced overnight suspension of FBA shipments to Amazon. Know what my reaction is? OK. I will deal with that as it flows. I'll handle it. If I allow myself (like the hundreds of posts on their forum) to get my underwear all tied up in knots about it, I am not problem solving.

My business doesn't stop. Heck, I want to meet with more retail buyers, and now I don't have to fly to see them! I can SAVE MONEY and they would totally understand... they don't want to meet me face to face. So over the next few weeks, I will be changing my business to ZOOM with as many prospective customers as will take my invitation, and I may NEVER go back to the way it was.

My warehouse rent is due at the end of the month. I will deal with that... at the end of the month. There will probably be some forced flexibility there. However, prime example. NOT ON MY LIST TO DEAL WITH TODAY.

I have a family wedding in April. Guess what? NOT ON MY LIST TO DEAL WITH TODAY.

Prioritize like you would ANY business issue. Make this transition clinical. To coin a phrase from Steven Covey(?) put FIRST THINGS FIRST. Big rocks. Work only on the things that matter. Let some other things slow down for a while. Let some not so big priorities sit there.

Clear your head. Focus only on what matters. Turn off the TV news - there's plenty of other people that will fill you on on critical developments. For example, my buddy just messaged me - Florida is shutting bars and BREWERIES at 5PM. Now, I might let myself REACT to that a bit... I need to grab a few brewskis for 30 days coverage. But the news found me. I didn't have to study every late breaking press conference. The things that are important will work their way into your bunker.

Wash your hands. Seriously, were you people not washing your hands before?

This was just my current brain dump, as much to recalibrate where I am spending energy. Hope someone out there in the internet needed it as much as I did.

 

[GIlman]

That's pretty scary. I wonder why, then, young people mostly get C0VlD-19 and are seemingly unscathed, and can potentially be carriers. I understand how the older population would have a greater fatality rate if they have underlying conditions with these organs, but it seems like young people, even without problems with these organs, would still be impacted.

In medicine, we discuss 2 things. Mortality which is death rate, and morbidity which is long term health effect.

The mortality of covid Is considerably lower in young people, but I would expect that organ injury (morbidity) would be significant and possibly in similar numbers at all ages. This is my speculation of course.

young people likely die less because they have more physiologic reserve, which means that they have more unused capacity. For example with the lungs, they are typically healthy in young people and say they are typically using 30% of their total lungs ability (this number is not accurate, I didn’t look it up, just used as example). In an older person, especially smokers and others with lung disease, they may already be using 90% of their lungs ability.

these older people can’t sustain breathing on their own with even a minor insult.

p.s. if you smoke stop immediately. Death rates appear to be 2-3x in smokers compared to non smokers.

when it comes to organ damage though, young people can be susceptible to this for the same reason old people are. Think polio and the long term health consequences that disease had when children were infected.

I want to reiterate that it is not clear how much impact covid has on heart, lungs, liver, and other organs. It may take years to really understand the impact.

but what this does mean, is that young people should not take this lightly. There are health impacts suspected beyond just death. Impacts which could effect them for the rest of their lives. And health impacts which may compromise them in the future if another pandemic comes through.