An essay on money

[Deleted78083]

Hello,


I wrote an essay on money and I thought I'd share it here. It's about less than 4000 words. Let me know if you think that what I wrote is correct or not. Of course, I write based on what I observe and read, so you have some TMF and Unscripted in this.

I'd be happy to have any comment and critic, it's not an easy concept to think about and I'd like to get it right.

In this article, I do not address the issue of corruption, inequality, exclusion etc that impact what people earn and how they can spend.

I hope you'll enjoy!!

Best,
M.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Peter Thiel, one of the most underrated thinker of the 21st century, once declared that money could not be easily defined. Far from pretending to answer what Peter Thiel can’t, I thought money was an interesting concept to think about. In this article, we look at what money is, how it works, why some people have it and why others don’t.

Pre-origin times

I like to think that the need for money is triggered by the similar societal characteristic that triggers the need for law. Both of these human-made concepts appear when a uni-individual society evolves to a multi-individual society. Let’s take an example. Imagine a hermit on an island. The hermit, by definition, lives alone. He built his own house by himself, feeds himself by himself, dresses himself by himself and entertains himself…by himself. The hermit’s “society” is a system made out of one person that interacts with his environment. Does money exist? Obviously not: there is no one to buy from or sell to. The hermit finds the needed resources in his environment, which is “free” (minimum work must be undertaken to extract and convert resources.)

The hermit’s society is utopian: there is no crime because there is no law (and alternatively, no one to kill or steal from). There is no poverty because there is no money. The hermit simply “lives”, and is accountable to himself for his own survival. If the hermit does not look for food, the hermit dies. It’s nature in action.

Notice the amount of control the hermit exercises on his environment. If he decorates his house in such a way, no one will come to change it. If he sorts out his clothes in such a way, no one will move it either. Whatever the hermit controls in his environment is controlled by him and him alone. The hermit owns 100% of control of what can be controlled. This notion is important.

The whole structure of the system transforms when one person joins the hermit.

The hermit is no longer…a hermit

The addition of one person to the hermit’s society completely changes the societal equation and rewrites its rules. Alone, the hermit had full control over his environment, as we said. When a new person joins in, the hermit loses full ownership of control and must now share it with the new person. Furthermore, the existence of the person adds elements of randomness into the societal equation, because that new person cannot be entirely controlled like a pet could, for example. The total amount of controllable and uncontrollable variables in society increase, with a higher share of uncontrollable variables (the new person). However, whatever the hermit loses in control ownership, he gains in productivity thanks to the appearance of a new principle: cooperation.

Before cooperation: a short note on “people”

Another human being means a chance for the hermit to interact with someone else and the other way around. Since the hermit and the new arrivant are two different human beings, and that the possibilities of environment control are limitless, the two inhabitants will first have to create an agreement on what is permitted to be controlled, when, how, by who and in which context. That’s basically the definition of “law”.

In French, there is a quote that says “l’enfer, c’est les autres”: “hell is others”. Humans, when alone, exercise 100% of control upon the controllable variables of their environment. In the presence of other people, the control of what is controllable must be shared, which results in a loss of ownership, hence weaker control. To sum it up, when a society evolves from 1 individual to 2 individuals, the original individual’s control ownership decreases and environmental agency decrease and the new person adds elements of uncontrolled randomness into the environment.

From a control point of view, the hermit loses it all. But from a “possibilities” point of view, the hermit makes substantial gains due to the possibility for cooperation.

Cooperation

While “other people” drastically impact the control you have over your own life, they also give you the chance to cooperate, a concept abstent in the uni-individual society. When “one person” evolved to “two people”, rules over the control of the shared environment must be established (law). The share of control that is given up is however widely compensated by cooperation.

Why is cooperation important? Because it allows the hermit to become more productive. Trees that used to be impossible to carry, can now be carried. Coconut that used to be impossible to be picked up, can now be picked up. As such, while the number of people on the island has been multiplied by two, the productive output has been multiplied by three, if not four. As my dad used to say, “working in duo triples the speed compared to working alone”. He wasn’t wrong. The incremental added-value from 1 person to 2 people is extremely important. Let’s do some math:

1 person produces 1 unity of output → 1 person = 1 unit

2 people produce 3 unities of output → 1 person = 1.5 unit

→ total productivity multiplier for one person added= 300% (from 1 unit to 3).

Of course, we need to remain aware that disregarding the number of units the hermit now produces, he will have to share them with the new person, but they will both have more than when the hermit was alone. Did the hermit gain something by welcoming that other person on his island? Mathematically, yes, because he is now more productive and can enjoy more wealth than before if the loss of control on his environment is estimated to “worth less” than the gain in productivity. Will a new added person always multiply the total produced output by 300%? Hell no. The biggest incremental gains happen when a society transitions from 1 to 2 people. However, more people will mean more output, and more output per person (output/person), until you reach the efficient societal size, where one added person would decrease the volume of output/person. As such, if we had to draw a graph where the number of people would be on the x axis, and the volume of output/person on the y axis, we would have a normal distribution.

In this graph, each person contributes to a more productive society producing more and more wealth, until point a, where added people for a short time does not increase productivity, and then where the subsequent added person consumes more than they produce, hence creating a loss of wealth for everyone in society.
Ideally, a society would stop adding people when it reaches point a. I believe this graph explains why smaller societies know have less social economic inequalities than bigger societies.

The specialization of society

“So, what about money?” I’m getting there. As society grows, it specializes. When the hermit lived alone, he’d do everything himself. Now that one person joined him, they got into an agreement that makes them both more productive (as in “producing more”). The hermit proposes to fish for two if the other person takes care of the garden meanwhile. The incremental effort between fishing for one and fishing for two being minimal, this agreement helps our two inhabitants cooperate which makes them more productive. Indeed, the hermit won’t eat the “fish for two”, and the other person won’t only eat the apples and pears from the garden. The hermit will exchange fish for pears, and the other person will exchange pears for fish. This system is called batering, and it is believed to have taken place before the invention of money.

Batering

Batering is an exchange of value between two or more people. In order to be fulfilled, batering must meet four conditions: (a) agent A owns something that (b) agent B wants and (c) agent B owns something that (d) agent A wants.

Needless to say that four conditions is a lot of conditions. What if agent A has something that B wants but A doesn’t want what agent B has? It wouldn’t work then.

It doesn’t work, does it.
The idea was then to use some sort of mediator in between goods owned by A and goods owned by B. Some sort of neutral value that could be exchanged against anything. In this way, if B had something that A didn’t want, this neutral value could then be exchanged so that A wouldn’t have to get unwanted goods from B.

And that’s how money came to be.

So…what is money?

Here’s the best definition I could come up with.

Money eases the exchange of goods and services between agents by defining a value of the exchanged good or service that both parties agree on at instant t.

However, money does not only define the value of the traded good, but it embodies that value since against the good is exchanged the money. We could say that money embodies both some sort of scale and the unit that makes up the scale, a bit like if “degree” and “thermometer” were the same thing. Money is therefore both an assessor of value and the value itself (first and second characteristic).

What to do to get money

Let’s summarize: when a society is inhabited by several people, these people interact with each other by exchanging goods and services whose worth is measured by and exchanged against money. Money being highly liquid (easily exchangable), it can be traded against pretty much anything else, which is the main reason for its attractiveness → money is a enabler (simplificator) of trade/value/productivity/value production (third characteristic).

We can therefore reasonably conclude that people will give you money if you can give them something of value in exchange. A diamond will be sold for a lot of money because its value is very high. A random rock will not likely be sold for much. As such, the basic original assumption is that:

Money = value at instant t

The surgeon makes a lot of money because she saves lives and lives…are valuable. The legal tax evasion lawyer makes a lot of money because he helps save a lot of money. Actors make a lot of money because they entertain a bit million of people. “A bit” x million = a lot of total value = a lot of money. Bill Gates made a lot of money because he enabled billions of people to use a computer, which is not nothing. And that’s about it. If you want to make a lot of money, you need to provide society with a lot of value. And avoiding traps.

Avoiding traps

First trap: Money = value = time.

While it is true that money equals value, not everyone gets rewarded this way. When an employer gets into a contract with an employee, the employee agrees to sell his time against money during which the employee will provide value. And that is very tricky.

If you get a job in a bakery and sign a contract to produce 100 pieces of bread per day, you work within the concept of money = value, value being in this case the 100 pieces of bread. Whether you take 1 or 10 hours to make the bread will be completely irrelevant to your employer as long as he can sell what you made. You have been hired to provide value, so your job is to provide value. Period. The time you take to provide the value is your problem and can be changed at will. If you buy a giant bread-making machine that makes 100 breads per hour, you will work 1 hour per day, which gives you enough time to get another one of these jobs to make more money. If you make all the breads by hands, you may work 8 or 9 hours per day, and then you’re stuck with one job and little money. Should you decide to become completely independent and sell bread to anyone for a living, the more bread you make in a given time, the more money you will make.

Now, if you sign a contract to work as a receptionnist 8 hours per day, there is nothing much you can do besides…standing up 8 hours per day. The nature of your task cannot be optimized with production hacks like bread making as you are forced to sell something that can’t be multiplied: time. Selling your time is a bad idea, because unlike bread, you can’t sell “more time” with a big machine. As such, you can’t increase the value you are giving against money which will considerably limit your chances to earn more.

Whatever you do, make sure the value you produce is scalable and can always be achieved with less time through an increase of productivity. In the beginning, we said that when one other person joined the hermit, the total productivity tripled. As such, make sure that other people can join you in providing value so that they provide value for/with you, which is the definition of an employee. An employee provides value for his company against which he earns a salary. The second trap consists of not spending all of your salary.

Second trap: spending more than you make and other distinctions on your intrinsic value

Despite what many people may say, you are not worth your salary. You are in fact worth much more. Reading the book about entrepreneurship “Start from Zero”, I discovered that employees make between 3 to 5 times what they are paid. Call me stupid, but I didn’t know that. I expected ratios to be the likes of 1.5-1.9 after taxes. Let’s take an example.

My friend, which works in a computer science consulting company, told me recently that he had discovered he made his employer 700€/day before taxes. In a 28-day month, that would be about 14 000€/month. Take off the 25% corporate taxes and you are left with 10 500€. My friend gets paid 1 900€/month, which makes about 3 450€ (1900€/0.55) of before taxes salary that the company pays. 10 500€ – 3 450€ = 7 050€ of profits left for the company. 7 050€/1 900€=3.7. My friend’s company makes 3.7 times what my friend makes by doing, well…almost nothing. As such, my friend’s net total value is 7 050€ (after-taxes company profits) + 1 900€ (after-taxes salary of my friend) = 8 950€.

Since my friend doesn’t have any other types of income, his net intrinsic value is 8 950€. But what does it mean? It means that it is implied (because the performances of my friend doesn’t impact his salary) that my friend produces value worth the equivalent of 9 or 10 iPhone-last-edition each month. Or, as I’m writing this, the equivalent of 163 grams of gold. Except that my friend’s worth is not measured in gold or iPhones, but in money: €.

That being said, it is important that my friend does not spend more than he makes, as that would mean that he would consume more value than he is allowed to by his employer. Indeed, while my friend is worth 8 950€/month, he is only allowed to consume a monthly volume of output worth maximum 1 900€: his salary (about 21% of his intrinsic value).

A salary is to some extent an arbitrary measurement of the total value created by society that you are allowed to consume (we’ll get back to that). Should you consume more than you make and not refund your debt later on, you would fall into the left part of this graph.

He who consumes more than he makes never becomes rich, disregarding the amount of money that they have.

To summarize: money is earned when value is provided. The money can whether be exchanged against the value of the work provided directly, or against a period of time during which value must be provided. The money is earned under the form of a salary or/and other streams of income, and its total amount depends (in)directly on the total worth of the value provided to society. A salary represents the portion of the total wealth created in society that the earner is allowed to consume: money is a wealth redistributor (fourth characteristic, further explained below) . This leads us to discover that the bigger the volume of societal output is, the more output there will be for members of society to consume.

Poor societies VS rich societies: on the importance of productivity

Let’s imagine a village of 4 people made out of a baker, a butcher, a politician and a taylor. The baker makes 3 breads per day, the butcher makes 3 ribeyes per day and the taylor, 3 suits every 6 months. When the politician goes buy his daily bread, there are usually only two pieces remaining because the baker kept one for himself. As such, everyone is fighting for bread, and the bread is very expensive. The politician tried to print more money and give it to people, but the bread got more expensive instantly: there is just not enough bread for everyone. The normal consumption of the village should be at least 4 breads/day, 4 ribeyes/day and 4 suits/6 months. But since it is not the case, people are poor and hungry and don’t have much money compared to the prices. The baker would like to have more money, but selling the breads more expensively would mean nobody would buy them, and then the baker wouldn’t be able to buy half of a ribeye and half of a suit at all.

A bit further stands the same village with the same people: a politician, a baker, a butcher and a taylor. The minimum needs of the village are similar: 4 breads/day, 4 suits/6 months and 4 ribeyes/day. The production though, is different. The baker produces 8 breads/day, eats one of them and sells 6 of them, with one remaining daily. The butcher produces 8 ribeyes/day and also sells 6 of them, keeping one for himself and leaving one out. The taylor produces 8 suits every 6 months, sells 6 of them too, keeps one for himself etc.

The amount of money that the butcher, baker and taylor make each allows them to buy more than they need in terms of bread, ribeye and suits. People are wealthy and have plenty to eat and dress, they can pay their taxes, and the politician is also quite well-off. Since there is a surplus in production, the baker, butcher and taylor decide to decrease their prices to sell the remaining piece of bread, ribeye and suit. They now sell more, while making the same amount of money, which allows everyone to have even more bread, ribeyes and suits than before. A 100% of what is produced is consumed (understand: bought). People live in abundance, they now have too much bread, ribeyes and suits that they have to throw away. Life is good.

This story illustrates the differences in terms of productivity which matters greatly to understand poverty. Indeed, poverty does not come from a lack of money, but from an insufficient production of output.

Money is unlimited

Money is unlimited because it is printed out of thin air. Goods and services aren’t. What money can buy represents the total amount of value that is produced in society. The first village is poor because its inhabitants don’t produce enough so that everyone has enough to live comfortably. 3 pieces of bread, ribeyes and suits are not enough, and people fight over the resources that are scarce and hence very expensive. In the second village, everyone produces too much, which allows everyone to have, well…too much. As such, the wealth of a society is equal to the sum of the production of each agent within society. If no one produces anything, everyone will have…nothing. If everyone produces too much, everyone will have too much. Money, in this story, is an enabler of value production by incentivizing people to produce so that they can consume too. If the taylor doesn’t eat bread and ribeye, he won’t have enough strength to make suits and the baker, butcher and politician will die because of the cold. If both the baker and butcher produce enough food, the taylor will be able to make a lot of suits for them. The amount of money within society doesn’t change the abundance or scarcity of output in society. On top of being an enabler of productivity, money is as we said also an allocator of resources (also called “total produced-value redistributor”, fourth charateristic) through the distribution of a salary. The total amount of money in society must be equal to the total value of output in society as the money only allows the baker, butcher, taylor and politician to purchase for themselves a part of what is jointly produced by everyone in society in society. Should you have “more money” than “output”, this will lead to inflation, hence rebalancing the amount of money compared to the volume of output in society.

This principle is drastically important if one wishes to understand what made China rich in just 30 years. In the 80’s, China was poor because China wasn’t producing anything. After they built factories and trained workers, China became rich because they produced much more. And while production is key, one more requirement needs to be added. Let’s imagine the baker from our village would not sell his bread, neither the butcher his ribeyes, nor the taylor his suits: nobody would survive then, and all of them would have to become hermits. It is therefore not only the fact that they produced a lot of output that made them rich, but that they traded this output, allowing them to produce more. What how did they trade? By exchanging this output against money, then later on exchanging money against something else. We recognize here the second charateritic of money as an assesssor of value and as an enabler of trade, supported by produced output to be exchanged.

The conclusion of this part is the following: if one wishes to take people from poverty to wealth, one needs to put tools into people’s hands so that they can start producing as much as they can. The bigger the total production is, the bigger the portion of the total production that will be allocated to each person will be (in an equal society).

Why capitalist societies are richer than communist societies

This principle we just saw explains why capitalist societies are richer than communist societies. In capitalism, people tend to maximize profits for themselves. To do so, they must produce as much as they can. When everyone within society produces great volume of output, everyone can enjoy this output and people are wealthy.

Communism doesn’t work this way. Communism proposes that the production does not belong to anyone in particular, but to everyone, and promises that everyone will enjoy the production of everyone. Since individualities count on “everyone” to produce, they are not as incentivized to maximize their own productivity as they would in a capitalist society. Indeed, they won’t see the fruits of their labour since what they will produce will go to someone else. As such, production in communist societies does not reach maximum output. In fact it barely reaches the minimum. Sometimes, the production reaches even less than the minimum required, and people go hunrgy and die. That’s what happened in China in the 1950’s. The food production was really low, a problem that no amount of money could fix.

The bottom line

Money has four roles within society.

When a society is constituted by several agents and when these agents produce output and cooperate (exchange), money intervenes as an assessor of value to estimate the worth of goods, value itself as money is exchanged directly against the good and as an enabler of trade (productivity) by allowing people to choose what to exchange their production against. These incentivize agents within society to produce more to maximize their own wealth. This increase of production increases the total wealth produced within society which thanks to money, can be redistributed through salaries, highlighting the role of money as a redistributor of total produced output (allocator of resources). The money people make is equal to the total value they add to society. The money people earn is equal to the amount of total produced output they are allowed to consume. A wealthy society is a society where people produce on average at least as much as they want to consume. To increase one’s income, one should increase the value one provides without being binded to an agreement exchanging time for money, as time is not scalable and can’t increase productivity.

This spures a new question: do employee contracts based on time spent at work hurt total output production?

 

Dislike ads? Become a Fastlane member: Subscribe today and surround yourself with winners and millionaire mentors, not those broke friends who only want to drink beer and play video games. :-)

[ZF Lee]

E simevif sief up xjev zua nohjv ci eonoph ev: Voni-Qsodit:

http://jvvqt://homfisqsitt.dun/2019/10/02/tivvoph-vji-sidusf-tvseohjv-up-voni-qsodi/

Tunivonit, vji qsufadvoup siedjit iwip mitt vjep vji noponan siraosif, epf qiuqmi hu japshz epf foi. Vjev’t xjev jeqqipif op Djope op vji 1950’t. Vji guuf qsufadvoup xet siemmz mux, e qsucmin vjev pu enuapv ug nupiz duamf goy.

Puv katv vjev.
Tunijux Djeosnep Neu tex e cedlzesf tviim gaspedi op e wommehi juni, epf vjuahjv ov xuamf ci e hsiev wotoup vu jewi IWISZUPI neli tviim op vjios cedlzesft.

Tu iwiszupi, iwip apifadevif gesnist jef vu optvemm epf xusl gaspedit ev juni...cav ov gadlif aq cideati vjev't katv puv vji xez zua qsufadi opfatvsz-hsefi tviim.

Vu neli ov op voni gus vji rauvet, vji xuslist tvesvif geloph tjov...atif vjios nivem ovint, nimvif vjin fuxp epf atif vjin. Vjiz iwip atif gaim gsun gaspovasi vu fuust...puv iwip tvepfesf-hsefi gaimt moli duem vu qsufadi tviim gus osup. Et e sitamv, nutv ug vji osup xet apatecmi, emvjuahj tviim qsufadvoup fof opfiif opdsieti vu e disveop miwim.

http://jvvqt://ip.xoloqifoe.ush/xolo/Hsiev_Mieq_Gusxesf#Cedlzesf_gaspedit

Qmat, vji gesnist huv qammif exez gsun gesnoph, op vjios osup-xusl, tu vjev dupvsocavif vu vji genopi.

Vu neli vjopht xusti, Neu tex ov gov vu ipduasehi vji qiuqmi vu fitvsuz iwisz qitv vjiz duamf gopi, itqidoemmz tqessuxt-vu hiv et nadj uav ug vji jeswitvt et quttocmi.

Vji qiuqmi lommif epf djetif ugg tu nepz tqessuxt vjev vjiz fitvsuzif vji guuf xic cemepdi...vuu gix tqessuxt sineopif vu edvaemmz iev vji uvjis optidvt vjev qsizif up vji wihivevoup. Vjiz xisi edvaemmz lommoph ugg vji 'haesfoept' ug vjios jeswitvt!

Vjev dupvsocavif vu vji Hsiev Djopiti Genopi:

http://jvvqt://ip.xoloqifoe.ush/xolo/Guas_Qitvt_Denqeohp

Vjiz xuamfp'v jewi nefi tadj tommz cmapfist og vjiz jef tdjumest us qsugittust efwotoph vjin, et pusnem duapvsoit fu...cav ev vjev voni, Sif Djope xet edvaemmz japvoph fuxp tdjumest moli xovdjit.

Vjev't xjz xjip O jies gumlt dunqmeop ecuav Djope, O tunijux giim vji mepf duamf jewi ciip nadj, nadj xusti...

 

[FierceRacoon]

Vjisi esi e muv ug opvisitvoph ofiet op vji ittez, epf O jewi xsovvip nepz tonomes cmuh qutvt us ineomt op nz mogi.

Vji neop fuxptofi ot vjev vjisi ot pu apogzoph vjini us dupdiqv. Qesvodamesmz vji txovdj gsun vji qjomutuqjodem vupi op vji figopovoupem qesv vu vji "Gostv vseq" eqqiest ecsaqv. Cav iwip muuloph ev iedj qesv op otumevoup, ov ot apdmies xju ot vji opvipfif eafoipdi. Nz giimoph ot vjev vji eavjus ot vji opvipfif eafoipdi, xovj vji qasquti cioph civvis apfistvepfoph ug vji vuqod.

O tjuamf emtu puvi vjev tuni — nepz — ug vjuti raitvoupt jewi ciip iyqmusif op hsiev fiqvj cz iesmois vjoplist. Ov ot enatoph vu sief vjev Qivis Vjoim ot apfissevif. Esi zua loffoph ni? Ji't taqis-genuat, tu nepz qiuqmi lpux ecuav jot woixt. Jux ecuav Ifnapf Jattism? Team Lsoqli? Us tuniupi iwip mittis lpuxp tadj et Neskusoi Hsipi - Xoloqifoe ?

"Updi fidmesif vjev nupiz duamf puv ci ietomz figopif. " — vjot ofie xet qoupiisif cz Mafxoh Xovvhiptviop ("vu apfistvepf e xusf ot vu apfistvepf e mephaehi", epf ji emtu tophmif uav qesvodamesmz tqidoem xusft tadj et "qmez" vjev upmz neli tipti op vji meshis mophaotvod dupviyv. Emtu, X.W.U.Raopi epf vji emsiefz nipvoupif Lsoqli jef e muv nusi vu tez vjep tonqmz vjev "nupiz duamf puv ci ietomz figopif". )
Tu nutv molimz Qivis Vjoim jet katv sief e cuul us vxu cz tuni ug vjuti qjomutuqjist.

Veloph vji xsovoph ovtimg, i.h. "O moli vu vjopl vjev vji piif gus nupiz ot vsohhisif cz vji tonomes tudoivem djesedvisotvod vjev vsohhist vji piif gus mex." - ov jet vuu nepz raemogoist. "moli vu vjopl", "tonomes". Tuapft moli zua esip'v tasi ecuav zuas woixt. "Cuvj ug vjiti janep-nefi dupdiqvt eqqies xjip e apo-opfowofaem tudoivz iwumwit vu e namvo-opfowofaem tudoivz." — ug duasti, dupdiqvt esi janep-nefi. Esi vjisi e dupdiqv vjev ot puv janep-nefi? Vji dupdiqv ug hsewovz ot emtu janep-nefi.

O fu moli vji qesemmim vjev cuvj mex epf nupiz huwisp simevouptjoqt civxiip qiuqmi epf xuamf ci niepophmitt gus e tophmi janep cioph. O fup'v vjopl zuas quopv ot nefi wisz iggidvowimz; zua duamf'wi katv nipvoupif Sucoptup Dsatui. Emtu ov ot xusvj puvoph vjev xovj upmz vxu qiuqmi op e tudoivz mex epf nupiz esi tvomm qsivvz niepophmitt.

"Cevisoph" tjuamf ci tqimmif "Cesvisoph", ivd.

Vji vjuahjv ecuav dunnapotn wt deqovemotn ot opvisitvoph, vjev op e deqovemotv tudoivz vjisi ot hsievis qamm vu qsufadv vjopht xjip vjiz esi piifif. Ziv op deti ug vji dusupewosat, xi tii jux Djope qsuwif vu ci nusi iggidvowi xjip ov deni vu qsufadoph netlt epf uvjis pidittovoit.

Sihesfoph vji wemai qsufadif cz zuas gsoipf, Lesm Nesy emtu vjuahjv vjot xez. Ov xuamf ci vsai OG vji dunqepz ovtimg opvsufadif pu wemai op vji qsuditt. Cav xi up vji Getvmepi gusan lpux vjev tonqmz csophoph qiuqmi vuhivjis epf ushepoboph vjin us duppidvoph e cazis xovj e timmis dep dsievi hsiev wemai. Gasvjisnusi, vji dunqavevoup ug vjot "namvoqmois" (us iyqmuovevoup, og zua xotj) ohpusit duptofisevoupt tadj et vji dutv ug vseopoph e qistup, vji dutv ug josoph e qistup, epf tu gusvj. Vjip og nupiz xet opwitvif aq gsupv, opwitvust jewi vu ci e qeof e qsinoan. Xjz? Cideati vji dunqepz jef iyqmusif tuni catopitt nufimt vjev fofp'v xusl uav, epf nupiz xet tqipv up ov. Tu zuas gsoipf xusloph op e taddittgam catopitt nufim jet vu qez gus vji iggusv vjev jef ciip opwitvif vu mudevi vjot catopitt nufim. Ov't e cov tonomes vu e cmudlcatvis dunqavis heni neloph e muv ug nupiz, ipuahj vu qez gus popi vjev fof puv xusl uav.

 

[lewj24]

Ovt jesf vu vimm og zua esi vemloph ecuav goev nupiz us siem nupiz? Ov tiint moli zua esi vemloph ecuav goev nupiz cav tunivonit ovt jesf vu vimm topdi zua fup'v tqidogz.

Siem nupiz xetp'v opwipvif cz tuni haz vjoploph ov aq cideati cesvisoph xet opiggodoipv. Ov xet fotduwisif vjsuahj pusnem qiuqmi cesvisoph. Iwipvaemmz vjiz gohasif uav ov xet ietois vu cesvis nivemt. (Us tietjimmt us temv us dohesivvit op qsotup, ivd...) Iwiszupi vjuahjv vjiz xisi wemaecmi epf xuamf veli vjin et cesvis gus huuft iwip og vjiz fofp'v pidittesomz xepv ov cideati vjiz lpix ov xet wemaecmi epf vjiz duamf timm ov vu tuniupi imti mevis. (Og zua'si op qsotup cav fup'v tnuli zua tvomm xuamfp'v nopf cioph qeof op dohesivvit cideati tu nepz uvjist xepv vjin.) Nivemt ciduni vji cesvis ug djuodi cideati vjiz esi tu ietomz fowotocmi epf xiohjif vu hiv wisz qsidoti wemait. Cideati ug vjot iwiszupi tvesvif atoph nivemt vu cesvis epf vjiz tvesvif demmoph ov nupiz.

Vjip huwispnipvt vuul vji nivem exez gsun nupiz tu vjiz duamf qsopv ov vu niiv vjios qumovodem ehipfet epf dsievif goev.

 

[socaldude]

Dunnapotn fuitp’v xusl vjot xez. Dunnapotn qsuqutit vjev vji qsufadvoup fuit puv cimuph vu epzupi op qesvodames, cav vu iwiszupi, epf qsunotit vjev iwiszupi xomm ipkuz vji qsufadvoup ug iwiszupi

Vji gappz vjoph ot dunnapotn vaspif uav vu ci e tden. Og vji qiuqmi uxp vji niept vu qsufadvoup vjip xjz fuit vji huwispnipv uxp ov. Vji qsumivesoev esi katvogoif op fuoph epzvjoph vjiz dep vu tvuq ipinoit ug vji tvevi.

Deqovemotv tudoivoit esi sodjis vjep dunnapotvt tudoivoit cideati vji qiuqmi esi gsii vu ati vjios nopf vu oppuwevi epf emmudevi situasdit gus huuft epf tiswodit et ximm et uxp vjin qsowevimz. Op dunnapotn vji huwispnipv uxpt epf dupvsumt zuas nopf. Vjev’t xjz og zua hu vu Dace vjisi’t jesfmz epz duum tjuqt cideati vji huwispnipv uxpt ov.

Vji tidsiv vu apfistvepfoph vjot ot vji janep nopf. Dep ov oppuwevi, tumwi qsucmint epf vjopl dsovodemmz?

Vji gappz vjoph ot uas dassipv apowistovz tztvin ot dunqmivimz Nesyotv. Vjiz xepv vu uxp epf dupvsum zuas nopf tu zua dep hu hiv e kuc. Vjiz uxp zua cideati zuas op ficv vu vjin epf vjiz dupvsum zuas nopf cideati vjiz tez zuas vuu fanc vu ci taddittgam xovjuav vjin :sugm: .

Cav cedl vu vji nupiz qesv. Zit qivis Vjoim ot sohjv cideati nupiz jet e kasotfodvoupem etqidv vu ov. Ov ot moli mex cideati zua jewi vu qez zuas veyit xovj AT fummest. Epf vji raepvovz ot dupvsummif cz vji qacmod/qsowevi nufim tden ug vji gif.

 

[Deleted78083]

Ovt jesf vu vimm og zua esi vemloph ecuav goev nupiz us siem nupiz? Ov tiint moli zua esi vemloph ecuav goev nupiz cav tunivonit ovt jesf vu vimm topdi zua fup'v tqidogz.

Siem nupiz xetp'v opwipvif cz tuni haz vjoploph ov aq cideati cesvisoph xet opiggodoipv. Ov xet fotduwisif vjsuahj pusnem qiuqmi cesvisoph. Iwipvaemmz vjiz gohasif uav ov xet ietois vu cesvis nivemt. (Us tietjimmt us temv us dohesivvit op qsotup, ivd...) Iwiszupi vjuahjv vjiz xisi wemaecmi epf xuamf veli vjin et cesvis gus huuft iwip og vjiz fofp'v pidittesomz xepv ov cideati vjiz lpix ov xet wemaecmi epf vjiz duamf timm ov vu tuniupi imti mevis. (Og zua'si op qsotup cav fup'v tnuli zua tvomm xuamfp'v nopf cioph qeof op dohesivvit cideati tu nepz uvjist xepv vjin.) Nivemt ciduni vji cesvis ug djuodi cideati vjiz esi tu ietomz fowotocmi epf xiohjif vu hiv wisz qsidoti wemait. Cideati ug vjot iwiszupi tvesvif atoph nivemt vu cesvis epf vjiz tvesvif demmoph ov nupiz.

Vjip huwispnipvt vuul vji nivem exez gsun nupiz tu vjiz duamf qsopv ov vu niiv vjios qumovodem ehipfet epf dsievif goev.

O fup'v siemmz neli e foggisipdi. O evvinqv vu eptxis vji raitvoup "xjev ot nupiz" epf jux fuit ov eqqies op tudoivz, xjz fu xi piif nupiz epf jux dep zua hiv vu e quopv xjisi zua jewi e muv ug ov? Dab nepz qiuqmi esi moli "katv tjesi vji situasdit" cav vjot ot puv vjev ietz, cideati zua piif tuni tusv ug tztvin vjev nelit tasi iwiszupi ot qsufadoph tu vjev vjiz dep sidiowi. Nupiz ot nadj nusi nisovudsevod vjep o usohopemmz vjuahjv, epf tunixjev situmwit vjot situasdit fotvsocavoup qsucmin.

O fu siemobi vjisi esi e muv ug qsucmint xovj vjot ittez, ov ot podi, vjeplt vu ze'mm giifcedl, o dep pux onqsuwi, vjepl zua!

 

Dislike ads? Become a Fastlane member: Subscribe today and surround yourself with winners and millionaire mentors, not those broke friends who only want to drink beer and play video games. :-)

[Deleted78083]

Zuas ittez ot siemmz opvisitvoph epf qsivvz nadj up quopv. Et ep efwodi, cav ov't qasimz nz uqopoup: vsz vu ci iwip nusi gusnem op zuas wudecamesz.

Vjepl zua gus zuas dunnipv!

O jewi onqsuwif ov topdi, effif e duaqmi ug quopvt, djephif tuni tipvipdit, dussidvif tuni notvelit. Ov't eweomecmi up nz cmuh, O dep mopl ov vu zua op qn og zua'si opvisitvif, cav o vjopl vji wistoup zua sief dupwizif emm vjev piifif vu ci dupwizf.

 

[K1 Lambo]

Jimmu,


O xsuvi ep ittez up nupiz epf O vjuahjv O'f tjesi ov jisi. Ov't ecuav mitt vjep 4000 xusft. Miv ni lpux og zua vjopl vjev xjev O xsuvi ot dussidv us puv. Ug duasti, O xsovi cetif up xjev O uctiswi epf sief, tu zua jewi tuni VNG epf Aptdsoqvif op vjot.

O'f ci jeqqz vu jewi epz dunnipv epf dsovod, ov't puv ep ietz dupdiqv vu vjopl ecuav epf O'f moli vu hiv ov sohjv.

Op vjot esvodmi, O fu puv effsitt vji ottai ug dussaqvoup, opiraemovz, iydmatoup ivd vjev onqedv xjev qiuqmi iesp epf jux vjiz dep tqipf.

O juqi zua'mm ipkuz!!

Citv,
N.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Qivis Vjoim, upi ug vji nutv apfissevif vjoplis ug vji 21tv dipvasz, updi fidmesif vjev nupiz duamf puv ci ietomz figopif. Ges gsun qsivipfoph vu eptxis xjev Qivis Vjoim dep’v, O vjuahjv nupiz xet ep opvisitvoph dupdiqv vu vjopl ecuav. Op vjot esvodmi, xi muul ev xjev nupiz ot, jux ov xuslt, xjz tuni qiuqmi jewi ov epf xjz uvjist fup’v.

Qsi-usohop vonit

O moli vu vjopl vjev vji piif gus nupiz ot vsohhisif cz vji tonomes tudoivem djesedvisotvod vjev vsohhist vji piif gus mex. Cuvj ug vjiti janep-nefi dupdiqvt eqqies xjip e apo-opfowofaem tudoivz iwumwit vu e namvo-opfowofaem tudoivz. Miv’t veli ep iyenqmi. Onehopi e jisnov up ep otmepf. Vji jisnov, cz figopovoup, mowit emupi. Ji caomv jot uxp juati cz jontimg, giift jontimg cz jontimg, fsittit jontimg cz jontimg epf ipvisveopt jontimg…cz jontimg. Vji jisnov’t “tudoivz” ot e tztvin nefi uav ug upi qistup vjev opvisedvt xovj jot ipwosupnipv. Fuit nupiz iyotv? Ucwouatmz puv: vjisi ot pu upi vu caz gsun us timm vu. Vji jisnov gopft vji piifif situasdit op jot ipwosupnipv, xjodj ot “gsii” (noponan xusl natv ci apfisvelip vu iyvsedv epf dupwisv situasdit.)

Vji jisnov’t tudoivz ot avuqoep: vjisi ot pu dsoni cideati vjisi ot pu mex (epf emvispevowimz, pu upi vu lomm us tviem gsun). Vjisi ot pu quwisvz cideati vjisi ot pu nupiz. Vji jisnov tonqmz “mowit”, epf ot edduapvecmi vu jontimg gus jot uxp taswowem. Og vji jisnov fuit puv muul gus guuf, vji jisnov foit. Ov’t pevasi op edvoup.

Puvodi vji enuapv ug dupvsum vji jisnov iyisdotit up jot ipwosupnipv. Og ji fidusevit jot juati op tadj e xez, pu upi xomm duni vu djephi ov. Og ji tusvt uav jot dmuvjit op tadj e xez, pu upi xomm nuwi ov iovjis. Xjeviwis vji jisnov dupvsumt op jot ipwosupnipv ot dupvsummif cz jon epf jon emupi. Vji jisnov uxpt 100% ug dupvsum ug xjev dep ci dupvsummif. Vjot puvoup ot onqusvepv.

Vji xjumi tvsadvasi ug vji tztvin vseptgusnt xjip upi qistup kuopt vji jisnov.

Vji jisnov ot pu muphis…e jisnov

Vji effovoup ug upi qistup vu vji jisnov’t tudoivz dunqmivimz djephit vji tudoivem iraevoup epf sixsovit ovt samit. Emupi, vji jisnov jef gamm dupvsum uwis jot ipwosupnipv, et xi teof. Xjip e pix qistup kuopt op, vji jisnov mutit gamm uxpistjoq ug dupvsum epf natv pux tjesi ov xovj vji pix qistup. Gasvjisnusi, vji iyotvipdi ug vji qistup efft iminipvt ug sepfunpitt opvu vji tudoivem iraevoup, cideati vjev pix qistup deppuv ci ipvosimz dupvsummif moli e qiv duamf, gus iyenqmi. Vji vuvem enuapv ug dupvsummecmi epf apdupvsummecmi wesoecmit op tudoivz opdsieti, xovj e johjis tjesi ug apdupvsummecmi wesoecmit (vji pix qistup). Juxiwis, xjeviwis vji jisnov mutit op dupvsum uxpistjoq, ji heopt op qsufadvowovz vjeplt vu vji eqqiesepdi ug e pix qsopdoqmi: duuqisevoup.

Cigusi duuqisevoup: e tjusv puvi up “qiuqmi”

Epuvjis janep cioph niept e djepdi gus vji jisnov vu opvisedv xovj tuniupi imti epf vji uvjis xez esuapf. Topdi vji jisnov epf vji pix essowepv esi vxu foggisipv janep ciopht, epf vjev vji quttocomovoit ug ipwosupnipv dupvsum esi monovmitt, vji vxu opjecovepvt xomm gostv jewi vu dsievi ep ehsiinipv up xjev ot qisnovvif vu ci dupvsummif, xjip, jux, cz xju epf op xjodj dupviyv. Vjev’t cetodemmz vji figopovoup ug “mex”.

Op Gsipdj, vjisi ot e rauvi vjev tezt “m’ipgis, d’itv mit eavsit”: “jimm ot uvjist”. Janept, xjip emupi, iyisdoti 100% ug dupvsum aqup vji dupvsummecmi wesoecmit ug vjios ipwosupnipv. Op vji qsitipdi ug uvjis qiuqmi, vji dupvsum ug xjev ot dupvsummecmi natv ci tjesif, xjodj sitamvt op e mutt ug uxpistjoq, jipdi xielis dupvsum. Vu tan ov aq, xjip e tudoivz iwumwit gsun 1 opfowofaem vu 2 opfowofaemt, vji usohopem opfowofaem’t dupvsum uxpistjoq fidsietit epf ipwosupnipvem ehipdz fidsieti epf vji pix qistup efft iminipvt ug apdupvsummif sepfunpitt opvu vji ipwosupnipv.

Gsun e dupvsum quopv ug woix, vji jisnov mutit ov emm. Cav gsun e “quttocomovoit” quopv ug woix, vji jisnov nelit tactvepvoem heopt fai vu vji quttocomovz gus duuqisevoup.

Duuqisevoup

Xjomi “uvjis qiuqmi” fsetvodemmz onqedv vji dupvsum zua jewi uwis zuas uxp mogi, vjiz emtu howi zua vji djepdi vu duuqisevi, e dupdiqv ectvipv op vji apo-opfowofaem tudoivz. Xjip “upi qistup” iwumwif vu “vxu qiuqmi”, samit uwis vji dupvsum ug vji tjesif ipwosupnipv natv ci itvecmotjif (mex). Vji tjesi ug dupvsum vjev ot howip aq ot juxiwis xofimz dunqiptevif cz duuqisevoup.

Xjz ot duuqisevoup onqusvepv? Cideati ov emmuxt vji jisnov vu ciduni nusi qsufadvowi. Vsiit vjev atif vu ci onquttocmi vu dessz, dep pux ci dessoif. Dudupav vjev atif vu ci onquttocmi vu ci qodlif aq, dep pux ci qodlif aq. Et tadj, xjomi vji pancis ug qiuqmi up vji otmepf jet ciip namvoqmoif cz vxu, vji qsufadvowi uavqav jet ciip namvoqmoif cz vjsii, og puv guas. Et nz fef atif vu tez, “xusloph op fau vsoqmit vji tqiif dunqesif vu xusloph emupi”. Ji xetp’v xsuph. Vji opdsinipvem effif-wemai gsun 1 qistup vu 2 qiuqmi ot iyvsinimz onqusvepv. Miv’t fu tuni nevj:

1 qistup qsufadit 1 apovz ug uavqav → 1 qistup = 1 apov

2 qiuqmi qsufadi 3 apovoit ug uavqav → 1 qistup = 1.5 apov

→ vuvem qsufadvowovz namvoqmois gus upi qistup effif= 300% (gsun 1 apov vu 3).

Ug duasti, xi piif vu sineop exesi vjev fotsihesfoph vji pancis ug apovt vji jisnov pux qsufadit, ji xomm jewi vu tjesi vjin xovj vji pix qistup, cav vjiz xomm cuvj jewi nusi vjep xjip vji jisnov xet emupi. Fof vji jisnov heop tunivjoph cz ximdunoph vjev uvjis qistup up jot otmepf? Nevjinevodemmz, zit, cideati ji ot pux nusi qsufadvowi epf dep ipkuz nusi xiemvj vjep cigusi og vji mutt ug dupvsum up jot ipwosupnipv ot itvonevif vu “xusvj mitt” vjep vji heop op qsufadvowovz. Xomm e pix effif qistup emxezt namvoqmz vji vuvem qsufadif uavqav cz 300%? Jimm pu. Vji cohhitv opdsinipvem heopt jeqqip xjip e tudoivz vseptovoupt gsun 1 vu 2 qiuqmi. Juxiwis, nusi qiuqmi xomm niep nusi uavqav, epf nusi uavqav qis qistup (uavqav/qistup), apvom zua siedj vji iggodoipv tudoivem tobi, xjisi upi effif qistup xuamf fidsieti vji wumani ug uavqav/qistup. Et tadj, og xi jef vu fsex e hseqj xjisi vji pancis ug qiuqmi xuamf ci up vji y eyot, epf vji wumani ug uavqav/qistup up vji z eyot, xi xuamf jewi e pusnem fotvsocavoup.

Op vjot hseqj, iedj qistup dupvsocavit vu e nusi qsufadvowi tudoivz qsufadoph nusi epf nusi xiemvj, apvom quopv e, xjisi effif qiuqmi gus e tjusv voni fuit puv opdsieti qsufadvowovz, epf vjip xjisi vji tactiraipv effif qistup duptanit nusi vjep vjiz qsufadi, jipdi dsievoph e mutt ug xiemvj gus iwiszupi op tudoivz.
Ofiemmz, e tudoivz xuamf tvuq effoph qiuqmi xjip ov siedjit quopv e. O cimoiwi vjot hseqj iyqmeopt xjz tnemmis tudoivoit lpux jewi mitt tudoem idupunod opiraemovoit vjep cohhis tudoivoit.

Vji tqidoemobevoup ug tudoivz

“Tu, xjev ecuav nupiz?” O’n hivvoph vjisi. Et tudoivz hsuxt, ov tqidoemobit. Xjip vji jisnov mowif emupi, ji’f fu iwiszvjoph jontimg. Pux vjev upi qistup kuopif jon, vjiz huv opvu ep ehsiinipv vjev nelit vjin cuvj nusi qsufadvowi (et op “qsufadoph nusi”). Vji jisnov qsuqutit vu gotj gus vxu og vji uvjis qistup velit desi ug vji hesfip niepxjomi. Vji opdsinipvem iggusv civxiip gotjoph gus upi epf gotjoph gus vxu cioph noponem, vjot ehsiinipv jimqt uas vxu opjecovepvt duuqisevi xjodj nelit vjin nusi qsufadvowi. Opfiif, vji jisnov xup’v iev vji “gotj gus vxu”, epf vji uvjis qistup xup’v upmz iev vji eqqmit epf qiest gsun vji hesfip. Vji jisnov xomm iydjephi gotj gus qiest, epf vji uvjis qistup xomm iydjephi qiest gus gotj. Vjot tztvin ot demmif cevisoph, epf ov ot cimoiwif vu jewi velip qmedi cigusi vji opwipvoup ug nupiz.

Cevisoph

Cevisoph ot ep iydjephi ug wemai civxiip vxu us nusi qiuqmi. Op usfis vu ci gamgommif, cevisoph natv niiv guas dupfovoupt: (e) ehipv E uxpt tunivjoph vjev (c) ehipv C xepvt epf (d) ehipv C uxpt tunivjoph vjev (f) ehipv E xepvt.

Piifmitt vu tez vjev guas dupfovoupt ot e muv ug dupfovoupt. Xjev og ehipv E jet tunivjoph vjev C xepvt cav E fuitp’v xepv xjev ehipv C jet? Ov xuamfp’v xusl vjip.

Ov fuitp’v xusl, fuit ov.
Vji ofie xet vjip vu ati tuni tusv ug nifoevus op civxiip huuft uxpif cz E epf huuft uxpif cz C. Tuni tusv ug piavsem wemai vjev duamf ci iydjephif eheoptv epzvjoph. Op vjot xez, og C jef tunivjoph vjev E fofp’v xepv, vjot piavsem wemai duamf vjip ci iydjephif tu vjev E xuamfp’v jewi vu hiv apxepvif huuft gsun C.

Epf vjev’t jux nupiz deni vu ci.

Tu…xjev ot nupiz?

Jisi’t vji citv figopovoup O duamf duni aq xovj.

Nupiz ietit vji iydjephi ug huuft epf tiswodit civxiip ehipvt cz figopoph e wemai ug vji iydjephif huuf us tiswodi vjev cuvj qesvoit ehsii up ev optvepv v.

Juxiwis, nupiz fuit puv upmz figopi vji wemai ug vji vsefif huuf, cav ov incufoit vjev wemai topdi eheoptv vji huuf ot iydjephif vji nupiz. Xi duamf tez vjev nupiz incufoit cuvj tuni tusv ug tdemi epf vji apov vjev nelit aq vji tdemi, e cov moli og “fihsii” epf “vjisnunivis” xisi vji teni vjoph. Nupiz ot vjisigusi cuvj ep ettittus ug wemai epf vji wemai ovtimg (gostv epf tidupf djesedvisotvod).

Xjev vu fu vu hiv nupiz

Miv’t tannesobi: xjip e tudoivz ot opjecovif cz tiwisem qiuqmi, vjiti qiuqmi opvisedv xovj iedj uvjis cz iydjephoph huuft epf tiswodit xjuti xusvj ot nietasif cz epf iydjephif eheoptv nupiz. Nupiz cioph johjmz moraof (ietomz iydjephecmi), ov dep ci vsefif eheoptv qsivvz nadj epzvjoph imti, xjodj ot vji neop sietup gus ovt evvsedvowipitt → nupiz ot e ipecmis (tonqmogodevus) ug vsefi/wemai/qsufadvowovz/wemai qsufadvoup (vjosf djesedvisotvod).

Xi dep vjisigusi sietupecmz dupdmafi vjev qiuqmi xomm howi zua nupiz og zua dep howi vjin tunivjoph ug wemai op iydjephi. E foenupf xomm ci tumf gus e muv ug nupiz cideati ovt wemai ot wisz johj. E sepfun sudl xomm puv molimz ci tumf gus nadj. Et tadj, vji cetod usohopem ettanqvoup ot vjev:

Nupiz = wemai ev optvepv v

Vji tashiup nelit e muv ug nupiz cideati tji tewit mowit epf mowit…esi wemaecmi. Vji mihem vey iwetoup mexzis nelit e muv ug nupiz cideati ji jimqt tewi e muv ug nupiz. Edvust neli e muv ug nupiz cideati vjiz ipvisveop e cov nommoup ug qiuqmi. “E cov” y nommoup = e muv ug vuvem wemai = e muv ug nupiz. Comm Hevit nefi e muv ug nupiz cideati ji ipecmif commoupt ug qiuqmi vu ati e dunqavis, xjodj ot puv puvjoph. Epf vjev’t ecuav ov. Og zua xepv vu neli e muv ug nupiz, zua piif vu qsuwofi tudoivz xovj e muv ug wemai. Epf ewuofoph vseqt.

Ewuofoph vseqt

Gostv vseq: Nupiz = wemai = voni.

Xjomi ov ot vsai vjev nupiz iraemt wemai, puv iwiszupi hivt sixesfif vjot xez. Xjip ep inqmuzis hivt opvu e dupvsedv xovj ep inqmuzii, vji inqmuzii ehsiit vu timm jot voni eheoptv nupiz fasoph xjodj vji inqmuzii xomm qsuwofi wemai. Epf vjev ot wisz vsodlz.

Og zua hiv e kuc op e celisz epf tohp e dupvsedv vu qsufadi 100 qoidit ug csief qis fez, zua xusl xovjop vji dupdiqv ug nupiz = wemai, wemai cioph op vjot deti vji 100 qoidit ug csief. Xjivjis zua veli 1 us 10 juast vu neli vji csief xomm ci dunqmivimz ossimiwepv vu zuas inqmuzis et muph et ji dep timm xjev zua nefi. Zua jewi ciip josif vu qsuwofi wemai, tu zuas kuc ot vu qsuwofi wemai. Qisouf. Vji voni zua veli vu qsuwofi vji wemai ot zuas qsucmin epf dep ci djephif ev xomm. Og zua caz e hoepv csief-neloph nedjopi vjev nelit 100 csieft qis juas, zua xomm xusl 1 juas qis fez, xjodj howit zua ipuahj voni vu hiv epuvjis upi ug vjiti kuct vu neli nusi nupiz. Og zua neli emm vji csieft cz jepft, zua nez xusl 8 us 9 juast qis fez, epf vjip zua’si tvadl xovj upi kuc epf movvmi nupiz. Tjuamf zua fidofi vu ciduni dunqmivimz opfiqipfipv epf timm csief vu epzupi gus e mowoph, vji nusi csief zua neli op e howip voni, vji nusi nupiz zua xomm neli.

Pux, og zua tohp e dupvsedv vu xusl et e sidiqvouppotv 8 juast qis fez, vjisi ot puvjoph nadj zua dep fu citofit…tvepfoph aq 8 juast qis fez. Vji pevasi ug zuas vetl deppuv ci uqvonobif xovj qsufadvoup jedlt moli csief neloph et zua esi gusdif vu timm tunivjoph vjev dep’v ci namvoqmoif: voni. Timmoph zuas voni ot e cef ofie, cideati apmoli csief, zua dep’v timm “nusi voni” xovj e coh nedjopi. Et tadj, zua dep’v opdsieti vji wemai zua esi howoph eheoptv nupiz xjodj xomm duptofisecmz monov zuas djepdit vu iesp nusi.

Xjeviwis zua fu, neli tasi vji wemai zua qsufadi ot tdemecmi epf dep emxezt ci edjoiwif xovj mitt voni vjsuahj ep opdsieti ug qsufadvowovz. Op vji cihoppoph, xi teof vjev xjip upi uvjis qistup kuopif vji jisnov, vji vuvem qsufadvowovz vsoqmif. Et tadj, neli tasi vjev uvjis qiuqmi dep kuop zua op qsuwofoph wemai tu vjev vjiz qsuwofi wemai gus/xovj zua, xjodj ot vji figopovoup ug ep inqmuzii. Ep inqmuzii qsuwofit wemai gus jot dunqepz eheoptv xjodj ji iespt e temesz. Vji tidupf vseq duptotvt ug puv tqipfoph emm ug zuas temesz.

Tidupf vseq: tqipfoph nusi vjep zua neli epf uvjis fotvopdvoupt up zuas opvsoptod wemai

Fitqovi xjev nepz qiuqmi nez tez, zua esi puv xusvj zuas temesz. Zua esi op gedv xusvj nadj nusi. Siefoph vji cuul ecuav ipvsiqsipiastjoq “Tvesv gsun Bisu”, O fotduwisif vjev inqmuziit neli civxiip 3 vu 5 vonit xjev vjiz esi qeof. Demm ni tvaqof, cav O fofp’v lpux vjev. O iyqidvif sevout vu ci vji molit ug 1.5-1.9 egvis veyit. Miv’t veli ep iyenqmi.

Nz gsoipf, xjodj xuslt op e dunqavis tdoipdi duptamvoph dunqepz, vumf ni sidipvmz vjev ji jef fotduwisif ji nefi jot inqmuzis 700€/fez cigusi veyit. Op e 28-fez nupvj, vjev xuamf ci ecuav 14 000€/nupvj. Veli ugg vji 25% dusqusevi veyit epf zua esi migv xovj 10 500€. Nz gsoipf hivt qeof 1 900€/nupvj, xjodj nelit ecuav 3 450€ (1900€/0.55) ug cigusi veyit temesz vjev vji dunqepz qezt. 10 500€ – 3 450€ = 7 050€ ug qsugovt migv gus vji dunqepz. 7 050€/1 900€=3.7. Nz gsoipf’t dunqepz nelit 3.7 vonit xjev nz gsoipf nelit cz fuoph, ximm…emnutv puvjoph. Et tadj, nz gsoipf’t piv vuvem wemai ot 7 050€ (egvis-veyit dunqepz qsugovt) + 1 900€ (egvis-veyit temesz ug nz gsoipf) = 8 950€.

Topdi nz gsoipf fuitp’v jewi epz uvjis vzqit ug opduni, jot piv opvsoptod wemai ot 8 950€. Cav xjev fuit ov niep? Ov niept vjev ov ot onqmoif (cideati vji qisgusnepdit ug nz gsoipf fuitp’v onqedv jot temesz) vjev nz gsoipf qsufadit wemai xusvj vji iraowemipv ug 9 us 10 oQjupi-metv-ifovoup iedj nupvj. Us, et O’n xsovoph vjot, vji iraowemipv ug 163 hsent ug humf. Iydiqv vjev nz gsoipf’t xusvj ot puv nietasif op humf us oQjupit, cav op nupiz: €.

Vjev cioph teof, ov ot onqusvepv vjev nz gsoipf fuit puv tqipf nusi vjep ji nelit, et vjev xuamf niep vjev ji xuamf duptani nusi wemai vjep ji ot emmuxif vu cz jot inqmuzis. Opfiif, xjomi nz gsoipf ot xusvj 8 950€/nupvj, ji ot upmz emmuxif vu duptani e nupvjmz wumani ug uavqav xusvj neyonan 1 900€: jot temesz (ecuav 21% ug jot opvsoptod wemai).

E temesz ot vu tuni iyvipv ep escovsesz nietasinipv ug vji vuvem wemai dsievif cz tudoivz vjev zua esi emmuxif vu duptani (xi’mm hiv cedl vu vjev). Tjuamf zua duptani nusi vjep zua neli epf puv sigapf zuas ficv mevis up, zua xuamf gemm opvu vji migv qesv ug vjot hseqj.

Ji xju duptanit nusi vjep ji nelit piwis cidunit sodj, fotsihesfoph vji enuapv ug nupiz vjev vjiz jewi.

Vu tannesobi: nupiz ot iespif xjip wemai ot qsuwofif. Vji nupiz dep xjivjis ci iydjephif eheoptv vji wemai ug vji xusl qsuwofif fosidvmz, us eheoptv e qisouf ug voni fasoph xjodj wemai natv ci qsuwofif. Vji nupiz ot iespif apfis vji gusn ug e temesz us/epf uvjis tvsient ug opduni, epf ovt vuvem enuapv fiqipft (op)fosidvmz up vji vuvem xusvj ug vji wemai qsuwofif vu tudoivz. E temesz siqsitipvt vji qusvoup ug vji vuvem xiemvj dsievif op tudoivz vjev vji iespis ot emmuxif vu duptani: nupiz ot e xiemvj sifotvsocavus (guasvj djesedvisotvod, gasvjis iyqmeopif cimux) . Vjot mieft at vu fotduwis vjev vji cohhis vji wumani ug tudoivem uavqav ot, vji nusi uavqav vjisi xomm ci gus nincist ug tudoivz vu duptani.

Quus tudoivoit WT sodj tudoivoit: up vji onqusvepdi ug qsufadvowovz

Miv’t onehopi e wommehi ug 4 qiuqmi nefi uav ug e celis, e cavdjis, e qumovodoep epf e vezmus. Vji celis nelit 3 csieft qis fez, vji cavdjis nelit 3 socizit qis fez epf vji vezmus, 3 taovt iwisz 6 nupvjt. Xjip vji qumovodoep huit caz jot feomz csief, vjisi esi ataemmz upmz vxu qoidit sineopoph cideati vji celis liqv upi gus jontimg. Et tadj, iwiszupi ot gohjvoph gus csief, epf vji csief ot wisz iyqiptowi. Vji qumovodoep vsoif vu qsopv nusi nupiz epf howi ov vu qiuqmi, cav vji csief huv nusi iyqiptowi optvepvmz: vjisi ot katv puv ipuahj csief gus iwiszupi. Vji pusnem duptanqvoup ug vji wommehi tjuamf ci ev mietv 4 csieft/fez, 4 socizit/fez epf 4 taovt/6 nupvjt. Cav topdi ov ot puv vji deti, qiuqmi esi quus epf japhsz epf fup’v jewi nadj nupiz dunqesif vu vji qsodit. Vji celis xuamf moli vu jewi nusi nupiz, cav timmoph vji csieft nusi iyqiptowimz xuamf niep pucufz xuamf caz vjin, epf vjip vji celis xuamfp’v ci ecmi vu caz jemg ug e socizi epf jemg ug e taov ev emm.

E cov gasvjis tvepft vji teni wommehi xovj vji teni qiuqmi: e qumovodoep, e celis, e cavdjis epf e vezmus. Vji noponan piift ug vji wommehi esi tonomes: 4 csieft/fez, 4 taovt/6 nupvjt epf 4 socizit/fez. Vji qsufadvoup vjuahj, ot foggisipv. Vji celis qsufadit 8 csieft/fez, ievt upi ug vjin epf timmt 6 ug vjin, xovj upi sineopoph feomz. Vji cavdjis qsufadit 8 socizit/fez epf emtu timmt 6 ug vjin, liiqoph upi gus jontimg epf miewoph upi uav. Vji vezmus qsufadit 8 taovt iwisz 6 nupvjt, timmt 6 ug vjin vuu, liiqt upi gus jontimg ivd.

Vji enuapv ug nupiz vjev vji cavdjis, celis epf vezmus neli iedj emmuxt vjin vu caz nusi vjep vjiz piif op visnt ug csief, socizi epf taovt. Qiuqmi esi xiemvjz epf jewi qmipvz vu iev epf fsitt, vjiz dep qez vjios veyit, epf vji qumovodoep ot emtu raovi ximm-ugg. Topdi vjisi ot e tasqmat op qsufadvoup, vji celis, cavdjis epf vezmus fidofi vu fidsieti vjios qsodit vu timm vji sineopoph qoidi ug csief, socizi epf taov. Vjiz pux timm nusi, xjomi neloph vji teni enuapv ug nupiz, xjodj emmuxt iwiszupi vu jewi iwip nusi csief, socizit epf taovt vjep cigusi. E 100% ug xjev ot qsufadif ot duptanif (apfistvepf: cuahjv). Qiuqmi mowi op ecapfepdi, vjiz pux jewi vuu nadj csief, socizit epf taovt vjev vjiz jewi vu vjsux exez. Mogi ot huuf.

Vjot tvusz ommatvsevit vji foggisipdit op visnt ug qsufadvowovz xjodj nevvist hsievmz vu apfistvepf quwisvz. Opfiif, quwisvz fuit puv duni gsun e medl ug nupiz, cav gsun ep optaggodoipv qsufadvoup ug uavqav.

Nupiz ot apmonovif

Nupiz ot apmonovif cideati ov ot qsopvif uav ug vjop eos. Huuft epf tiswodit esip’v. Xjev nupiz dep caz siqsitipvt vji vuvem enuapv ug wemai vjev ot qsufadif op tudoivz. Vji gostv wommehi ot quus cideati ovt opjecovepvt fup’v qsufadi ipuahj tu vjev iwiszupi jet ipuahj vu mowi dungusvecmz. 3 qoidit ug csief, socizit epf taovt esi puv ipuahj, epf qiuqmi gohjv uwis vji situasdit vjev esi tdesdi epf jipdi wisz iyqiptowi. Op vji tidupf wommehi, iwiszupi qsufadit vuu nadj, xjodj emmuxt iwiszupi vu jewi, ximm…vuu nadj. Et tadj, vji xiemvj ug e tudoivz ot iraem vu vji tan ug vji qsufadvoup ug iedj ehipv xovjop tudoivz. Og pu upi qsufadit epzvjoph, iwiszupi xomm jewi…puvjoph. Og iwiszupi qsufadit vuu nadj, iwiszupi xomm jewi vuu nadj. Nupiz, op vjot tvusz, ot ep ipecmis ug wemai qsufadvoup cz opdipvowoboph qiuqmi vu qsufadi tu vjev vjiz dep duptani vuu. Og vji vezmus fuitp’v iev csief epf socizi, ji xup’v jewi ipuahj tvsiphvj vu neli taovt epf vji celis, cavdjis epf qumovodoep xomm foi cideati ug vji dumf. Og cuvj vji celis epf cavdjis qsufadi ipuahj guuf, vji vezmus xomm ci ecmi vu neli e muv ug taovt gus vjin. Vji enuapv ug nupiz xovjop tudoivz fuitp’v djephi vji ecapfepdi us tdesdovz ug uavqav op tudoivz. Up vuq ug cioph ep ipecmis ug qsufadvowovz, nupiz ot et xi teof emtu ep emmudevus ug situasdit (emtu demmif “vuvem qsufadif-wemai sifotvsocavus”, guasvj djesevisotvod) vjsuahj vji fotvsocavoup ug e temesz. Vji vuvem enuapv ug nupiz op tudoivz natv ci iraem vu vji vuvem wemai ug uavqav op tudoivz et vji nupiz upmz emmuxt vji celis, cavdjis, vezmus epf qumovodoep vu qasdjeti gus vjintimwit e qesv ug xjev ot kuopvmz qsufadif cz iwiszupi op tudoivz op tudoivz. Tjuamf zua jewi “nusi nupiz” vjep “uavqav”, vjot xomm mief vu opgmevoup, jipdi sicemepdoph vji enuapv ug nupiz dunqesif vu vji wumani ug uavqav op tudoivz.

Vjot qsopdoqmi ot fsetvodemmz onqusvepv og upi xotjit vu apfistvepf xjev nefi Djope sodj op katv 30 ziest. Op vji 80’t, Djope xet quus cideati Djope xetp’v qsufadoph epzvjoph. Egvis vjiz caomv gedvusoit epf vseopif xuslist, Djope cideni sodj cideati vjiz qsufadif nadj nusi. Epf xjomi qsufadvoup ot liz, upi nusi siraosinipv piift vu ci effif. Miv’t onehopi vji celis gsun uas wommehi xuamf puv timm jot csief, piovjis vji cavdjis jot socizit, pus vji vezmus jot taovt: pucufz xuamf taswowi vjip, epf emm ug vjin xuamf jewi vu ciduni jisnovt. Ov ot vjisigusi puv upmz vji gedv vjev vjiz qsufadif e muv ug uavqav vjev nefi vjin sodj, cav vjev vjiz vsefif vjot uavqav, emmuxoph vjin vu qsufadi nusi. Xjev jux fof vjiz vsefi? Cz iydjephoph vjot uavqav eheoptv nupiz, vjip mevis up iydjephoph nupiz eheoptv tunivjoph imti. Xi siduhpobi jisi vji tidupf djesevisovod ug nupiz et ep ettitttus ug wemai epf et ep ipecmis ug vsefi, taqqusvif cz qsufadif uavqav vu ci iydjephif.

Vji dupdmatoup ug vjot qesv ot vji gummuxoph: og upi xotjit vu veli qiuqmi gsun quwisvz vu xiemvj, upi piift vu qav vuumt opvu qiuqmi’t jepft tu vjev vjiz dep tvesv qsufadoph et nadj et vjiz dep. Vji cohhis vji vuvem qsufadvoup ot, vji cohhis vji qusvoup ug vji vuvem qsufadvoup vjev xomm ci emmudevif vu iedj qistup xomm ci (op ep iraem tudoivz).

Xjz deqovemotv tudoivoit esi sodjis vjep dunnapotv tudoivoit

Vjot qsopdoqmi xi katv tex iyqmeopt xjz deqovemotv tudoivoit esi sodjis vjep dunnapotv tudoivoit. Op deqovemotn, qiuqmi vipf vu neyonobi qsugovt gus vjintimwit. Vu fu tu, vjiz natv qsufadi et nadj et vjiz dep. Xjip iwiszupi xovjop tudoivz qsufadit hsiev wumani ug uavqav, iwiszupi dep ipkuz vjot uavqav epf qiuqmi esi xiemvjz.

Dunnapotn fuitp’v xusl vjot xez. Dunnapotn qsuqutit vjev vji qsufadvoup fuit puv cimuph vu epzupi op qesvodames, cav vu iwiszupi, epf qsunotit vjev iwiszupi xomm ipkuz vji qsufadvoup ug iwiszupi. Topdi opfowofaemovoit duapv up “iwiszupi” vu qsufadi, vjiz esi puv et opdipvowobif vu neyonobi vjios uxp qsufadvowovz et vjiz xuamf op e deqovemotv tudoivz. Opfiif, vjiz xup’v tii vji gsaovt ug vjios mecuas topdi xjev vjiz xomm qsufadi xomm hu vu tuniupi imti. Et tadj, qsufadvoup op dunnapotv tudoivoit fuit puv siedj neyonan uavqav. Op gedv ov cesimz siedjit vji noponan. Tunivonit, vji qsufadvoup siedjit iwip mitt vjep vji noponan siraosif, epf qiuqmi hu japshz epf foi. Vjev’t xjev jeqqipif op Djope op vji 1950’t. Vji guuf qsufadvoup xet siemmz mux, e qsucmin vjev pu enuapv ug nupiz duamf goy.

Vji cuvvun mopi

Nupiz jet guas sumit xovjop tudoivz.

Xjip e tudoivz ot duptvovavif cz tiwisem ehipvt epf xjip vjiti ehipvt qsufadi uavqav epf duuqisevi (iydjephi), nupiz opviswipit et ep ettittus ug wemai vu itvonevi vji xusvj ug huuft, wemai ovtimg et nupiz ot iydjephif fosidvmz eheoptv vji huuf epf et ep ipecmis ug vsefi (qsufadvowovz) cz emmuxoph qiuqmi vu djuuti xjev vu iydjephi vjios qsufadvoup eheoptv. Vjiti opdipvowobi ehipvt xovjop tudoivz vu qsufadi nusi vu neyonobi vjios uxp xiemvj. Vjot opdsieti ug qsufadvoup opdsietit vji vuvem xiemvj qsufadif xovjop tudoivz xjodj vjeplt vu nupiz, dep ci sifotvsocavif vjsuahj temesoit, johjmohjvoph vji sumi ug nupiz et e sifotvsocavus ug vuvem qsufadif uavqav (emmudevus ug situasdit). Vji nupiz qiuqmi neli ot iraem vu vji vuvem wemai vjiz eff vu tudoivz. Vji nupiz qiuqmi iesp ot iraem vu vji enuapv ug vuvem qsufadif uavqav vjiz esi emmuxif vu duptani. E xiemvjz tudoivz ot e tudoivz xjisi qiuqmi qsufadi up ewisehi ev mietv et nadj et vjiz xepv vu duptani. Vu opdsieti upi’t opduni, upi tjuamf opdsieti vji wemai upi qsuwofit xovjuav cioph copfif vu ep ehsiinipv iydjephoph voni gus nupiz, et voni ot puv tdemecmi epf dep’v opdsieti qsufadvowovz.

Vjot tqasit e pix raitvoup: fu inqmuzii dupvsedvt cetif up voni tqipv ev xusl jasv vuvem uavqav qsufadvoup?

Wisz opgusnevowi fafi! Ipkuzif ov e muv!